HAIR & ALOPECIA

Hair has been an important structure for mammals for sensation, protection from cold, trauma or the aesthetic value. There has been a lot of investment, research, time and beliefs regarding hair care. Here are some important facts we need to know about hair.

Often patients come with a saying “I have alopecia and I need a treatment”. However alopecia is not a diagnosis but a condition, which could be due to variety of diseases.

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What You Need To Know

1.HAIR DEVELOPMENT

HAIR GROWTH IS SEEN AS EARLY AS 14 WEEKS IN THE WOMB AND OUR BODY IS COVERED WITH LANUGO HAIR, WHICH KEEPS THE BODY WARM. LANUGO HAIRS ARE SHED OFF AROUND 32 TO 36 WEEKS OR SOMETIMES FEW WEEKS AFTER BIRTH ESPECIALLY IN PREMATURE BABIES. THESE HAIRS ARE LATER REPLACED BY VELLUS HAIRS, WHICH ARE THIN, SILKY AND OFTEN LIGHTLY COLORED. WHEN A NEWBORN IS 8 TO 12 WEEKS OLD, HAIR WILL GO THROUGH ONE MORE PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT, WHICH OFTEN RESULTS IN ONE LAST SHEDDING, WITH INTERMEDIATE HAIR GROWING IN BETWEEN 3 AND 7 MONTHS. IT IS ONLY AFTER THE BABY IS 2 YEARS OR OLDER, THE TERMINAL HAIRS GROW.

2.TYPES OF HAIR & GROWTH

OUR BODY HAS MAINLY TWO TYPES OF HAIRS- TERMINAL & VELLUS. TERMINAL HAIRS, WHICH ARE DARK, THICK AND GROW LONGER MOSTLY SEEN OVER THE HEAD, BEARD. WHEREAS VELLUS HAIRS ARE OUR BODY HAIRS, WHICH ARE SHORT, THIN, LIGHT COLOR WITH LIMITED GROWTH. OUR SCALP HAS AROUND 1,00,000 TO 1,50,000 HAIRS AND AVERAGE HAIR DENSITY IS AROUND 100/CM2, WHICH CAN VARY WITH DIFFERENT POPULATION & ETHNICITY. NORMAL HAIR GROWTH IS AROUND 0.03MM PER DAY AND AROUND 1CM PER MONTH.

3.HAIR CYCLE & NORMAL LOSS

OUR HAIRS GO THROUGH DIFFERENT PHASES OF GROWTH & REGRESSION REGARDED AS ANAGEN & CATAGEN RESPECTIVELY. ALMOST 80-90% OF OUR HAIRS ARE IN GROWING ANAGEN PHASE, WHICH LASTS FOR AROUND THREE YEARS, 5-10% OF HAIRS ARE IN REGRESSIVE CATAGEN PHASE, WHICH LASTS FOR AROUND THREE WEEKS. AFTER THE REGRESSION HAIRS GROW INTO THIRD RESTING PHASE KNOWN AS TELOGEN PHASE, WHICH LASTS FOR AROUND THREE MONTHS AND EVENTUALLY THE HAIRS ARE LOST KNOWN AS KENOGEN. IT IS DUE TO THIS LOSS IT IS NATURAL TO LOSE AROUND 50-100 HAIRS IN A DAY AND SOMETIMES UP TO 150. LOSS OF MORE THAN 150 HAIRS PER DAY IS REGARDED SIGNIFICANT.

4.ALOPECIA

EXCESSIVE LOSS OF HAIR IS REGARDED AS ALOPECIA, WHICH COULD BE LOCALIZED, PATTERNED OR GLOBAL LOSS. BASICALLY THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF ALOPECIA- SCARRING & NON-SCARRING.

5.SCARRING ALOPECIA’S

SCARRING ALOPECIAS COULD BE DUE TO TRAUMA, BURNS OR VARIETY OF DISORDERS LIKE LICHEN PLANOPILARIS, DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, PSEUDOPEDALE OF BROCQ, AND FRONTAL FIBROSING ALOPECIA, CENTRAL CENTRIFUGAL ALOPECIA WHICH ARE USUALLY LOCALIZED AND RESPOND POORLY TO MEDICAL TREATMENTS. HAIR TRANSPLANT CAN BE AN ALTERNATIVE, HOWEVER SHOULD BE STABLE AND NON-PROGRESSIVE FOR AT LEAST ONE YEAR.

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